Before replaying a familiar piece, write three things you expect to hear. Keep them concrete: a particular entrance, an instrument in the middle or the way the final phrase ends.
Then listen at a comfortable level without checking the notes during playback. Afterwards, mark each prediction as accurate, partly accurate or unresolved. Avoid turning uncertainty into a failure of attention; memory may preserve the overall effect more strongly than its ingredients.
One useful surprise is discovering that a remembered sound belongs to a different version. Check whether you selected a live recording, an edit or another performance before deciding your memory invented it.
For the second listen, choose only one discrepancy. If you expected a voice to enter immediately, follow what actually happens before the entrance. A short instrumental preparation may explain why the arrival felt so immediate in memory.
Keep a sentence about what remained recognisable despite the mismatch. This prevents the exercise from becoming a hunt for mistakes and returns attention to the features that make the piece familiar.
Over several sessions, the notebook can show what you tend to retain: melody, texture, words or shape. It is a record of your listening habits, not a test of musical ability or a scientific measure of memory.
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